Symbolism and Connectionism
AI Must Not Merely Describe the Structure of the World—it Must Generate Concepts The history of artificial intelligence research can be understood, in broad terms, as a rivalry between two major approaches. The first is symbolism, which attempts to represent knowledge…
Could AI Produce a Corporate Feudal Order
How platform power, AI infrastructure, private payment ecosystems, and weak fiscal capacity could push advanced capitalism toward something that resembles a new medievalism without ever fully becoming one Executive Summary The strongest version of the “corporate feudalism” thesis is not…
Does the Age of Local LLMs Democratize AI?
— Industrial Reorganization Triggered by Nemotron 3 and the Recurrence of Internet History 1. Nemotron 3 as a Turning Point NVIDIA’s announcement of Nemotron 3 carries significance beyond the release of yet another high-performance language model. What it fundamentally signals…
Data Science and Buddhism: The Ugly Duckling Theorem and the Middle Way
Modern data science traces its roots to the pattern-recognition research of the 1960s. In Japan, one of the earliest successes was the development of machines capable of reading handwritten postal codes. During this formative period, philosopher-scientist Satoshi Watanabe proposed the…




























