Why RAG Remained So Primitive
The “First Textbook” Trap Seen Before in the History of SOM Retrieval-Augmented Generation, or RAG, has become widely known as a way to connect generative AI with internal corporate documents. The commonly presented explanation of RAG is surprisingly simple: LangChain’s…
GPT-5.6 and the Fight Over Frontier AI Access
Executive summary GPT-5.6 did not arrive as a routine model update. OpenAI first introduced the GPT-5.6 family in a limited preview on June 26, 2026, then moved to general availability on July 9, 2026 after a short, unusually visible period of U.S. government…
Symbolism and Connectionism
AI Must Not Merely Describe the Structure of the World—it Must Generate Concepts The history of artificial intelligence research can be understood, in broad terms, as a rivalry between two major approaches. The first is symbolism, which attempts to represent knowledge…
AI Developments in June 2026: Major Releases, Products, Research, and Policy
Executive Summary: June 2026 saw a torrent of AI advances and industry moves. OpenAI unveiled the next leap in generative models – the GPT-5.6 series (Sol, Terra, Luna) – in a government-curated limited preview. Google DeepMind added new capabilities to its…


























